“How much homework do you have?” What parent hasn’t asked that question when picking up carpool or when their child enters the house after school? It might not be the first question a mom or dad asks their child, but it definitely follows after something like, “How was your day?” And it is the last question a child wants to hear at the end of the school day, unless, of course, the answer is “nothing.” In that case, “NOTHING” might be boldly proclaimed.
Horace Mann — The Father of Homework
Homework has a long history dating back to ancient Rome. The invention of homework did not involve any written work as it is generally defined today. Supposedly, the first homework assignment was in the form of public speaking practice. In an attempt to build confidence and fluency in their speeches, Pliny the Younger (an oratory teacher) asked students to practice public speaking at home. Following this at-home oratory practice, the idea of written homework took hold starting with Horace Mann. A politician and educational reformer, Mann started in Germany to promote mandatory at-home assignments for students. This idea spread across Europe and eventually made its way to America, where homework soon became a daily fixture in student life.
The concept of homework has endured a turbulent history. Over the years, anti-homework sentiments have been expressed and bans have been imposed by those opposed to the concept. However, proponents of homework argue that it enhances the quality of education and gives students a competitive edge, especially in science and math. Universal agreement has never been reached and most likely never will be.
When Schools Hit Pause on Homework
The pandemic years forced a significant lull in the homework load. Being sensitive to the pressures every family was facing, many teachers made a conscious decision to ease back on assignments. In some schools, administrators instructed faculty not to assign homework until a more stable routine could be re-established. Teachers, too, were managing enormous stress — dealing with their own school-age children, worrying about aging parents and navigating constant uncertainty. Everyone, on some level, welcomed a break.
The Return to the Classroom
As schools returned to in-person learning and routines normalized, the homework debate resurfaced with renewed energy. A return to the classroom brought with it a return to the familiar tension between structured at-home practice and family time. In-person learning again raises questions surrounding the purpose of homework. There are never any easy answers, but perhaps there are some important questions for educators to ponder before assigning homework.
Five Questions Every Teacher Should Ask Before Assigning Homework
One expert in curriculum development has been studying homework for years. Denise Pope, along with a team of colleagues from Stanford University, offers five questions for teachers to consider before assigning homework. The questions are intended to help educators assign work that is meaningful and engaging rather than routine.
- Do students understand the value and purpose of the assignment?
- Will all students be able to do the task independently?
- Is this assignment better done in class?
- How much time should this assignment take?
- What kind of feedback should I provide?
Designing homework assignments with these questions in mind may yield more positive results and create less stress for students and families. If your child is struggling to manage homework at home, building the right structure and habits can make a significant difference. Our guide to executive functioning and homework offers practical strategies for kids who need extra support getting started and staying on task.
Finding an answer to the homework debate that pleases teachers, students and parents may not be possible. It is a question that has challenged generations and will most likely continue to do so. Being on a team means practicing to ensure peak performance for games. Being in a band means showing up for rehearsals to deliver high-quality concerts. Being a student means putting in effort and time beyond the classroom to reach one’s potential. Knowing that the brain is like a muscle, and that it needs reinforcement both in school and at home, motivates educators and families to keep exploring creative options. A school planner is one simple tool that helps children track assignments and manage their time more effectively each week.
Related
Executive Functioning and Homework: Practical Tips for Parents
How a School Planner Helps Kids Stay Organized and Calm
Too Many Extracurricular Activities: Is Your Child Overscheduled?
Judy Jenkins is a teacher in the Washington, D.C. area. She enjoys helping students develop the skills needed for written expression. Outside of the classroom, Judy loves spending time with her three beautiful daughters, her greatest gifts.
